Tagging Methods

Common blackbird (Turdus merula) and song thrush (Turdus philomelos)

Expert: Jesko Partecke, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior

We recommend using the 8-figure (leg-loop) harness method described by Rappole and Tipton (1991) for common blackbirds and song thrushes. In our research, we adjusted harness length based on bird size, and the method proved to be safe and effective.

We provide our collaborators with a video tutorial on harness preparation and attachment, as well as a size reference table linking bird body size to harness length. We also supply the necessary harness material.

Rappole JH, Tipton JR. 1991. New harness design for attachment of radio transmitters to small passerines. Journal of Field Ornithology 62: 335-337.

European kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)

Expert: Petra Sumasgutner (Konrad Lorenz Research Center for Behavior and Cognition, University of Vienna)

We highly recommend using 2 mm Teflon straps for leg-loop attachment, where harness length is adjusted based on bird size and fixed with 2 mm Aluminium crimps. This method proved to be safe and effective on both adults and chicks during the later nestling period (> 24 days of developmental age). The tag sits relatively high on the back and does not interfere with the uropygial gland.

A backpack harness with a 'break-away X' or 'keel stitch' can be used as an alternative on adults. Here all 4 straps [two upper (pectorals) passing over the shoulders and two lower (abdominals) passing from under the wings] are overlapping at one joint point slightly below the keel top (apex carinae), where they are stitched together with 1-4 separated threads and sealed knots. We recommend using the template described by [1] Bierregaard (2014) to aid correct positioning and attachment of the straps.

We will provide our collaborators with a detailed photo tutorial on harness preparation and attachment.

Bierregaard RO. 2014. A technique to facilitate the fitting of telemetry transmitter harnesses. Journal of Raptor Research 48: 86-88.

Common swift (Apus apus)

Information coming soon. Stay tuned.

European starling (Sturnus vulgaris)

Information coming soon. Stay tuned.